Promotes Energy Metabolism and Nervous System Health*
PRODUCT DISCUSSION
Vitamin B-12 contributes to the health of the nervous system.* It plays an
important role in neurological cell integrity, DNA metabolism, and red blood
cell formation.* It is also a co-enzyme in energy reactions.* Vitamin B-12 is
exclusively synthesized in microorganisms and cannot be found in plant
sources. Foods containing Vitamin B-12 include meats, poultry, fish, and dairy
products. Vitamin B-12 may not be readily absorbable as people age.*
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Vitamin B-12, or cobalamin, is a micronutrient that is essential to humans.
The two active cobalmin coenzymes in humans are methylcobalamin and
5-deoxyadenoxylcobalamin. As a co-enzyme, Vitamin B-12 is needed in the
conversion of homocysteine to methionine by methionine synthase. Vitamin B-12
is also needed in the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA by
methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Succinyl- CoA may then be used as in the Kreb’s
cycle or as a substrate for heme synthesis.
B-12 is found in foods such as oysters, crab, beef, salmon, chicken, and eggs. B-12 can be obtained from animal sources but is not found in vegetables in any significant amount. B-12 may not be as readily absorbable (from the digestive system) as we age.
INDICATIONS
- Individuals with pernicious anemia or with gastrointestinal disorders may benefit from a vitamin B-12 supplement.*
- Older adults and vegetarians may benefit from a vitamin B-12 supplement.*
- Some medications may decrease absorption of vitamin B-12. Chronic use of those medications may result in a need for supplemental B-12.*
- Pregnant women who follow strict vegetarian diets may have depleted vitamin B-12 stores.*
HOW CLIENTS MAY BENEFIT
Vitamin B-12 is an essential nutrient and needed for overall good health and
metabolism. Vitamin B-12 is part of the B-complex which is needed for energy
metabolism and promotion of cellular health. Metabolism within the body
includes the processes of energy generation and use; including nutrition,
digestion, absorption, elimination, respiration, circulation, and temperature
regulation. Vitamin B-12 maintains proper circulatory and nerve function and
promotes healthy levels of homocysteine.* Physiologics vitamin B-12 comes in a
convenient sublingual lozenge.
CLINICAL EVIDENCE
The Oxford Healthy Aging Projects, a cohort study conducted from 1993 to 2003,
examined the relationship between serum vitamin B-12 status and cognitive
function in older adults. A significant association was found between low
levels of vitamin B-12 and the incidence and rate of cognitive decline over
the ten year period. (Clarke et al. 2007.) In a double-blind
placebo-controlled trial, 205 subjects were randomized to receive either a
combination of folic acid, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6, or placebo, for 6
months. At the end of the study, a significant benefit to cardiovascular
function was observed in the treatment group compared to placebo. Plasma
homocysteine levels were also significantly reduced in the treated group
compared to placebo. (Schnyder et al. 2001).
SUMMARY
PhysioLogics Sublingual Vitamin B-12 provides an important member of the
vitamin B complex. Vitamin B-12, also known as cobalamin, is necessary for the
synthesis of red blood cells and the maintenance of the nervous system.
SUGGESTED DOSAGE
For adults, take one (1) lozenge or tablet daily. Place lozenge or tablet
under the tongue for 30 seconds before swallowing, or follow the advice of a
health care professional.
REFERENCES
Clarke et al. Low Vitamin B-12 status and risk of cognitive decline in older
adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007 86:1384-91
Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes: thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B-12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC:National Academy Press 1998.
Kapadia CR Vitamin B-12 in health and disease: part I -- inherited disorders of function, absorption, and transport. Gastroenterologist. 1995;3:329-44.
Russell RM, Suter PM. Vitamin requirements of elderly people: an update. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993;58:4-14.
Schnyder G et al. Decreased rate of coronary restenosis after lowering of plasma homocysteine levels. New England Journal of Medicine. 2001. 345(22):1593-1600.
Shevell , Rosenblatt DS. The neurology of cobalamin. Can J Neurol Sci. 1992;19:472-86.
van Asselt DZ, van den Broek WJ, et al. Free and protein-bound cobalmin absorption in healthy middle-aged and older subjects. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996;44:949-53.
van Goor L, Woiski MD, Lagaay AM, et al. Review: cobalamin deficiency and mental impairment in elderly people. Age Ageing. 1995;24:536-42.
Waldmann A, Koschizke JW, Leitzmann C, Hahn A. Homocysteine and cobalamin status in German vegans. Public Health Nutr. 2004;7:467-72.
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